Enron Scandal - 9449 Words

The Enron scandal, revealed in October 2001, eventually led to the bankruptcy of the Enron Corporation, an American energy company based in Houston, Texas, and the de facto dissolution of Arthur Andersen, which was one of the five largest audit and accountancy partnerships in the world. In addition to being the largest bankruptcy reorganization in American history at that time, Enron was attributed as the biggest audit failure.[1] Enron was formed in 1985 by Kenneth Lay after merging Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. Several years later, when Jeffrey Skilling was hired, he developed a staff of executives that, by the use of accounting loopholes, special purpose entities, and poor financial reporting, were able to hide billions of†¦show more content†¦By December 31, 2000, Enron’s stock was priced at $83.13 and its market capitalization exceeded $60 billion, 70 times earnings and six times book value, an indication of the stock market’s high expectations about its future prospects. In addition, Enron was rated the most innovative large company in America in Fortune s Most Admired Companies survey.[11] Causes of downfall[edit] Enron s complex financial statements were confusing to shareholders and analysts.[12][13] In addition, its complex business model and unethical practices required that the company use accounting limitations to misrepresent earnings and modify the balance sheet to indicate favorable performance.[14] The combination of these issues later resulted in the bankruptcy of the company, and the majority of them were perpetuated by the indirect knowledge or direct actions of Lay, Jeffrey Skilling, Andrew Fastow, and other executives. Lay served as the chairman of the company in its last few years, and approved of the actions of Skilling and Fastow although he did not always inquire about the details. Skilling constantly focused on meeting Wall Street expectations, advocated the use ofShow MoreRelatedThe Enron Scandal854 Words   |  4 PagesThe Enron Scandal Background Enron Corporation was an American energy, commodities, and services company based in Houston, Texas. Before its bankruptcy on December 2, 2001, Enron employed approximately 20,000 staff and was one of the world s leading electricity, natural gas, communications, and pulp and paper companies, with claimed revenues of nearly $101 billion in 2000.[1] Fortune named Enron America s Most Innovative Company for six consecutive years. At the end of 2001, it was revealedRead MoreEnron Scandal2929 Words   |  12 PagesLaw and Management Book Review Enron, Titanic and The Perfect Storm - Nancy B. Rapoport Student No: 0834172 Word Count: 1500 1 CILM Book Review 0834172 Two years after Enron filed for bankruptcy in 2001, Nancy b. Rapoport wrote this essay expressing her unique perspective on the real cause of Enron’s demise. This essay catches the reader’s attention instantly, because unlike abundant other articles written on the biggest corporate scandal in American history, the author here rejectsRead MoreEnron And The Enron Scandal847 Words   |  4 PagesThe Enron scandal, discovered in October 2001, eventually led to the bankruptcy of the Enron Corporation, an American energy company based mostly in Houston, Texas, and also the dissolution of Arthur Andersen, that was one amongst the 5 largest audit and accounting partnerships within the world. Additionally, to being the most important bankruptcy reorganization in American history at that point, Enron without doubt is the biggest audit failure. it s ever the foremost notable company within theRead MoreThe Enron Scandal Of A Company1193 Words   |  5 Pageswell. What if this com pany falsifies their records and in a couple of days the company and its stock value go from $90 per share to just a penny per share. You lose your money just because a company cheated and stole your money. This is what the Enron scandal did to thousands of people. It could have been stopped if more forensic accountants in the world are checking on the companies. This way they don’t lie about their stock value. Forensic accountants are in charge of checking business financial recordsRead MoreEnron Scandal1844 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿THE ENRON SCANDAL FACTS OF THE CASE Enron Corporation was an American energy, commodities, and services company based in Houston, Texas. Enron s predecessor was the Northern Natural Gas Company, which was formed during 1932, in Omaha, Nebraska. It was reorganized during 1979 as the main subsidiary of a holding company, Inter-North which was a diversified energy and energy related products company. During 1985, it bought the smaller and less diversified Houston Natural Gas company. EmployedRead MoreEnron And The Enron Scandal1387 Words   |  6 PagesEnron, The Shadiest Guys In the Room When you ask young people about the Enron scandal today, most of them have not even heard of it. The fact of the matter is, it is very relevant to young professionals today. Enron is the most recent story of classic Wall Street greed and fraud. However it is still argued today by different stakeholders who are is responsible. This essay will take the viewpoint from multiple stakeholders to use the Enron Scandal as an example to further explain American corporateRead MoreEnron Scandal1477 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Current issue: Scandals in auditing Enron Scandal 1. Introduction Accounting scandals are political or business scandals which arise with the disclosure of financial misdeeds by trusted executives of corporations or governments. These days, not too often, these scandals are splashed as headlines across media. Why? Because there are complex groups of stakeholders who might be seriously affected by the scandals. Enron scam was the most remarkable scandal in 20 centuries by their institutionalizedRead MoreThe Enron Corporation Scandal 1791 Words   |  7 PagesIDENTIFY THE ACCOUNTING PRACTICES THAT WERE ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACCOUNTING SCANDAL. The Enron Corporation failures made world headlines for many reasons ranging from greed from its executives, the alleged malpractice and criminal behaviours, and its quick and disastrous collapse. The most critical factor in Enron’s melt down was the use of creative and manipulative accounting practices to distort reported proï ¬ tability and indebtedness that befell the corporation (A. Holt and T. Eccles, 2002) TheRead MoreEnron Scandal Of Enron Corporation Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Enron scandal which aroused in 2001 was one of the most famous events in the area of fraud audit. As the auditor company of Enron, Arthur Andersen failed to prepare true and fair auditing reports. They both suffered lethal loss at that time. The following paragraphs will discuss this fraud event, including the organization history, the organization’s event, the fraud issue in the event, the consequence of the main stakeholders, auditors in the event and their roles, and the current situationRead MoreThe Enron Scandal Essay619 Words   |  3 PagesThe Enron Scandal In a front-page article with no less than four by-lines (7/03, Enron Triggers a Slew of Proposed Fixes But What Will Stick? by Steve Liesman et al.), The Wall Street Journal reports, As more than 10 congressional committees pursue inquiries, 32 Enron-related bills have been introduced to address ills ranging from auditor conflicts of interest to the scams of an unregulated derivatives market. The Securities and Exchange Commission pledges to reform accounting rules, get

Functions, Roles, And Activities Of Managers - 881 Words

Explain the functions, roles, and activities of managers. Research two companies within the last 3-years, not described in the book, and discuss what managerial characteristics were essential to lead change. Controlling, coordinating, staffing, and planning are the key functions that managers play in an organization (Lussier, 2012). Managers control and coordinate resources to achieve set goals and objectives. They are involved in both the formulation and implementation of strategies in the organization. Managers handle staffing the company. The manager is tasked with the responsibility to recruit the best talents for the business. They create job descriptions, advertise vacancies, and organize interviews. In small organizations, the manager is also in charge of payroll. The manager communicates with other workers to keep the workplace running. The manager ensures the workplace is functioning efficiently by communication responsibilities and tasks. The manager also conducts training and business research. Unilever is among the most successful multinational corporations. The corporation has experienced immense change because of management practices that are geared towards the development of a talented workforce, effective communication, coordination, and collaboration. The management advocates for practices that help motivate employees to give their best for the organization. The other company that has been transformed because of a change in management practices isShow MoreRelatedThe Characteristics And Actions Of Management Essay866 Words   |  4 Pagesthey tick. I am curious to how management functions, what roles they play, and what skills they possess. In my last job, I witnessed a manager that struggled to do the basic management functions, no designated managerial role, and ineffective managerial skills. Basically, I learned that my previous manager how not to operate in management. Management Functions Robbins Judge (2012) says, â€Å"Managers get things done through other people.† (p. 5). Managers are tasked to delegate work to so that goalsRead MoreWhy Managers Are Important For Organization1300 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Manager, the person who makes decision and design the organisation’s goals, based on their manager’s level, according to Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, and Coulter (2012). The main purpose of this essay is to identify the reason why we need to have managers in organisations. Based on the research below, we can clearly see that there is a need to have managers in operating and managing an organisation. For example, first- line, middle, and top managers perform different functions of managementRead MoreManagerial Functions Of A Manager1259 Words   |  6 PagesIn an organization, manager is â€Å"someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished.†(Robbins, Bergman, Stagg Coulter, 2012, p.10) Managers play an important role as the organization requires their skills to overcome the challenges in chaotic times. Besides, manager is vital to make sure all the work activities operate smoothly and thus achieve the goals efficiency and effectively. There is said to be three specific categorization schemesRead MoreHenri Fayol vs. Henry Mintzberg962 Words   |  4 PagesMintzberg. Functions vs. roles Henri Fayol and Henry Mintzberg are â€Å"two sides of the one coin†. Each man has his own opinion on what the manager does. Fayol has his â€Å"five functions† and Mintzberg has his â€Å"roles of management†. In this essay I will discuss both men’s opinions and try to come to a conclusion on which I think is better. Henri Fayol, a French management theorist and managing director of a French mining company, came up with the five functions of management. TheseRead MoreAre the Classical Functions Put Forward by Henri Fayol in 1949 Still Valid and True Today?1263 Words   |  6 Pagesof classical approaches to newer conceptualizations within management functions. Are the classical functions put forward by Henri Fayol in 1949 still valid and true today?, or are the theories put forward by other academics such as Mintzberg more valid?, or would the scientific type management concepts be more fitting?. To answer such questions this report examines two Journal journals, â€Å"Are the classical management functions useful in describing managerial work?† (Journal 1) and â€Å"Some effects ofRead MoreFayol s Theory Of Management Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesHenri Fayol s managerial activities are recognized as being essential and are specially emphasized as being universal for achieving a n organization s goals (Pugh and Hickson, 1964). The undeniable contribution to management has provided a system of concepts which has become a leading guide for managers in most organizations. Though there were few authors who weren t affected by Fayol s work, there were some who criticized his work as being idealist and ignoring the reality of management. MintzbergRead MoreMgmt 4081554 Words   |  7 PagesRoles of a Manager MGMT 408 Week 1 Farbod Zarkeshian IT Managers now have many responsibilities (data centers, staff management, telecommunications, servers, applications, workstations, websites, mobile access and devices, user support, regulatory compliance, vendor management, disaster recovery, etc.) and work with all the departments (accounting, human resources, marketing, sales, distribution, facilities, legal, etc.) within a company or organization. This is both the good and the badRead MoreBasic Challenges of Organizational Design1434 Words   |  6 Pagesachieve its goals. Organizational Roles An organizational role is a set of task-related behavior required of a person by his or her position in an organization. Organizational structure is based on a system of interlocking roles, and the relationship of one role to another is defined by task-related behaviors. Authority:- is the power to hold people accountable for their actions and to make decisions about how to invest and use organizational resources. Subunits: Functions and divisions In organizationsRead MoreOperational Functions Of The Operations Manager997 Words   |  4 Pages The operations manager is among the most important managerial position in an organization. The paper is a reflection of the information shared by the operations manager of Donald Stores. Managerial functions Every manager completes the following function in the execution of his or her duties. The four functions are planning organizing, leading and controlling (Carpenter, Bauer, Erdogan, 2009). The functions of organizing and planning are important for effectively carrying out of the subsequentRead MoreManagement - Efficiency and Effectiveness Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesA manager, as defined by Bergman, Coulter, Robbins and Stagg (2009), is someone who coordinates and oversees the work of others so that organisational goals can be accomplished. Further to this definition management, which is essentially what mangers do, involves ensuring that work activities are completed efficiently and effectively. There are three specific categorisation models to explain what exactly it is that managers do: †¢ Management Functions (Henry Fayol) †¢ Management Roles (Henry Mintzberg)

English Literature Essay Example For Students

English Literature Essay The insight of placing LOVE and SUFFERING as the soul of world literature approached with the renaissance of whole English literature. One of the most magnificent and astonishing LATIN AMERICAN LITERATURE world has ever witnessed, Laura Esquirels Like Water For Chocolate and Allendes THE House Of The Spirits giving a breathtaking sensation to the readers. The contrast of the all the characters in both the works by female authors has been appreciably done. Minor themes emerging from the backgrounds have played a vital role in developing the plot of the story. Both the works portray Love as the most basic and essential ingredient in the saga of destined protagonists. Going all the way through the works, there is a special connection between the characters which is either destined or a bonding which can be called Love or Suffering. Both the works have exceptional opening right away building relations between different characters. Floating over the sea of romance, heartbreak, sacrifice a nd suffering both the works intensifies as the plot develops. There is a profound link between love and suffering as between the sea and water. In the novel Like Water For Chocolate the immortal love of a destined protagonist Tita changes into suffering because of assorted efforts of Mama Elena, her mother and Pedro Muzquiz, her soul-mate. A tradition followed by De la Garza family which forced the last daughter of the family to be unmarried. But the destiny had something else for her. An unforgettable love was enough to devastate all the bliss in her life. Pedros decision of marrying Titas elder sister Rosaura worsened it all. Though the intentions were not the way its consequences were. Pedro wanted to secure his position beside Tita and this was the only way he would have made it possible. But it ended being worsened and Tita who was already broken was shattered by his choice. It was impossible for her seeing her love being someone elses right in front of her eyes. A glimpse of selfish love in Pedros heart could be seen. 1Pedro lied to her on her wedding day.. As time went on he really had grown to love Rosaura. The above narration undoubtedly illustrates that the selfish love of Pedro, which unfortunately led to an unwanted relation between Rosaura and Pedro. An everlasting love between Tita and Pedro laid the foundation for Rosaura and Pedros lives to cross which results in suffering for all three of them. A parallel relationship can be seen in the novel The House Of The Spirits. Isabel Allende has marvelously used minor characters to develop the plot for a surprising narrative. A chronicle of passionate men and women in which again an ill-fated protagonist Estaban Trueba lost his unadulterated love for Rosa, who is a minor character. Rosa, the beautiful had very distinctive persona which made her out of this world. As seen in Like Water For Chocolate this time also destiny plays a crucial part in filching the love from his living. The tragic demise of his woman leads his love to suffering. Eventually this love connected life of Clara and Estaban, the two protagonists later. Clara was the youngest sister of the Rosa and was strange like her sister. An unusual affection for Clara was seen in Estaban as she was the sister of Rosa, the woman he loved the most. Estabans grand-daughter narration 2he courted Clara the old-fashioned way, just as he had done with her sister Rosa portrayed a picture which shows the love for Rosa was still inside him switched towards Clara. This connection between Clara and Estaban was the relation parallel to Pedro-Rosaura relation which was enforced on them by themselves. It was the relation with Rosa which made it possible for Estaban to marry Clara. This was the most significant point where the two protagonists met, one believing her destiny and other his fate and love. .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270 , .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270 .postImageUrl , .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270 , .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270:hover , .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270:visited , .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270:active { border:0!important; } .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270:active , .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270 .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaf91aefaf81f971dd1814bd856966270:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anne Frank EssayAs the narrative progresses, more evidences can be seen for love and suffering connecting lives of the characters. In Lauras Like Water For Chocolate the development of the story is mainly done by food and the recipes. The emotions hovering affects the food to a great extend. The same happens when Tita makes a dish from the roses gifted to her by Pedro. This time it was the emotion of love and lust which takes over the food. Unfortunately or fortunately for Gertrudis, the destiny chooses her to be the medium for the conveyance of love which Tita felt for Pedro making her suffer from heat. 3But something strange was happening to Gertrudis. On her the food seemed to act as an aphrodisiac From the above reference it can be evidently said that the love and heat she was carrying was too much for her to handle. This love of Tita for Pedro and enlightening of the sexual desires and heat in Gertrudis was responsible for the lives of Juan, his lover and her to cross and overlap each others path that wiped out her sufferings caused by the heat. Allendes The House Of The Spirits equally encloses the crossing over of the paths of different characters because of Love and suffering. A love triangle can be seen between Jaime, Amanda and Jaimes brother Nicholas. This frustrated love between them resulted nowhere but torment for all of them. This love makes a weird connection between their lives. Hidden love in Jaime, for Amanda develops a pure relation between their souls which they think is weaker than their love for Nicholas. It can be felt that their thought was right because if their love was eternal then this weakness could have been the strongest element and their paths which diverted could have been overlapping making their dreadful past a pleasant future. 4But to have recognized Amanda, he (Jaime) must have loved her a great deal. The narration above depicts that the love of Jaime was pure and true. But some times just love is not enough to cure every suffering. Despite of all the distances and a break of their connection somehow Jaime kept alive that love which helped him to maintain a very subtle connection between them. A generation to generation love also moves on in both the works. Like Water For Chocolate includes an unseen bonding or connection between the life of Tita and Esperenza, her niece could be developed because they were destined to experience the same suffering. The words uttered by Rosaura 5he couldnt (marry Esperenza) because the girl was destined to take care of her (Rosaura) until her death. writes the suffering of Esperenza which she will face in future. This connects the past sufferings of Tita with the future sufferings of Esperenza. This helps them to connect as close as Tita was to Roberto, his nephew. The love for Pedro shifts towards Roberto and Tita felt that he was his own baby. Identical generation love in The House Of The Spirits is felt between Clara and Blanca, her daughter. Blanca and Pedros growing love which was defended by Clara helped in strengthening the mother-daughter relationship. Not only Blanca and Pedros love but suffering and cordial relation between Estaban and Blanca made Blanca to be more close to Clara. These narrative words by Estaban himself 6I also gave up the idea of establishing a good relationship with Blanca. Ever since..I think Pedros love was to blame. are evident of the relation which Blanca and his father shared. On the contrary Clara and Blanca were connected due to the same suffering caused by Estaban beating and torturing them emotionally and mentally. .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd , .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd .postImageUrl , .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd , .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd:hover , .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd:visited , .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd:active { border:0!important; } .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd:active , .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf2a5f9e8356c9fbda1913abf8c624efd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Li Like Water For Chocolate was the pain and suffering taken by Tita from her mama Elena. Every little joy in Titas life was snatched away from her for one or the other reason. After Pedro and Rosaura having a baby named Roberto did just the opposite for Tita. She was as happy as she has found her lost love for Pedro in Roberto. But this love also soon turned out to be the biggest suffering ever when Mama Elena sent him away from her along with Pedro. The worst was about to come with the news of Roberto dead. Already broken Tita because of the pain of separation was now shattered. Fainting by the blow from Mama Elena, Tita flourished under the care of Dr. Brown who already had hidden love for Tita. Going against the order of Mama Elena, Dr. Brown rescued her from the prison of Mama Elena and giving her a new life to live. This suffering of Tita and Love of Dr. Brown resulted in the most wonderful connection changing the plot of whole novel which the narrative below verifies. 7Those hands (Dr. Brown) have rescued her (Tita) from the horror and she would never forget it. Same suffering making Tita silent for some time had played the most important role to find one more character, The Real Tita. The narration 8But now she preferred silence. There were many things she needed to work out in her mind. shows that Tita wanted her mind to work for herself and wanted time to overcome that disaster and learn how to trip but not fall. This made Tita to re-connect with herself. Same silence is observed in Clara in The House Of The Spirits. The love for her sister which turns out be to be disastrous with her demise, Clara also turn into a deep silence. A silence which allows her to develop her psychic powers and to re-form herself. The narration below 9She decided that speaking was pointless and locked herself in silence. justifies that Clara was not only attached to her thoughts but was combined with her thoughts and herself and this made her to connect with many peoples life by just using her psychic powers and with herself too. In conclusion, it can be said that the concept of love, mostly unrequited and suffering used in connecting characters has been used effectively making a silver platter for readers with love and suffering used like siblings. Each and every character is connected to each other irrespective of its part in the novel. Laura and Allendes thoughts has beautifully worked out the theme of love and suffering for the two unconventional works.

The Rocking Horse Winner, David Herbert Lawrences Essay Example

The Rocking Horse Winner, David Herbert Lawrences Paper In David Herbert Lawrences The Rocking-Horse Winner, Paul was a young child from a money-oriented family whose personality evolved from an introverted and inquisitive little boy seeking his mothers attention to an obsession with trying to please her. Pauls mother was merely attracted to material possessions and uninterested in her offspring. She was in debt and continued to live beyond their funds. Paul was starving for love and attention from his mother and struggled to please her. He became captivated with laying a bet on horse racing and making money to satisfy his mother. Pauls obsessions with trying to gain his mothers warmth eventually lead to his downfall. D. H. Lawrence shows of the traumatic ruin of an upper middle class family stressed to maintain appearances in the face of customary overspending. The most terrible offender is the status-conscious mother because unfortunately, no matter how much capital Paul earns, her over-elaborate tastes only grows rapidly. In literature, theoretical analysis behaves as a crucial function in the understanding and critical meaning of a text. Some writers supply hidden meaning that is suitable to these theories to produce a greater density in the plot of the story. The Rocking Horse Winner is a leading example of an author skillfully utilizing this theoretical approach to the development of a story. In this story the psychoanalytic theory is applied. In literature, there are two types of psychoanalytic theory. One is built on the work of Sigmund Freud and the other is the modification of Freuds work by Jacques Lacan, a French psychoanalyst. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rocking Horse Winner, David Herbert Lawrences specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Rocking Horse Winner, David Herbert Lawrences specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Rocking Horse Winner, David Herbert Lawrences specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer From these two perspectives of this specific theory, Jacques Lacans theory appears to be the inspiration that Lawrence wrote his story from. In Lacans vision, he points toward the development of children and society. He sees the evolution of the child from the early years to maturity as a progression of stages in life. This development stresses the affiliation of the child to language and the relationships it has with others. This accentuation directly influences the childs sense of self. In application to the Psychoanalytic Theory, the story extensively reflects Lacans mirror stage. The similarity may possibly cause an individual to trust that Lawrence was an intense advocate in this theory. Not only from Pauls obsession and ultimate downfall, but the relationship of child and mother expressed in the course of the story makes it apparent that Lacan did have a substantial inspiration on the tale. The psychological aspect of the story also manifests Freuds Oedipus complex. Freud sugge sted that all boys go through a stage where they want to take their fathers place. Pauls desire to earn money for the family can be said to be an unconscious desire to take his fathers place. Pauls desire to take care of the familys needs is Oedipal. In the story, it is the lack of the fathers luck that originally causes Paul to be fixated with the desire to be lucky, generously for his mother. Psychological Criticism is a technique that concentrates on the unconscious thoughts of the human intellect. Psychological criticism makes an effort to reveal those profound and unexplained concepts in the literary field. In numerous ways D. H. Lawrences story, The Rocking-Horse Winner deals with the contradictory feelings and perspective of the two main characters, mother and son. Through the story, it is obvious that the mother concentrates primarily on her misery in life, predominantly that she lacks all the wealth she desires. This is noticeable where she mentions to her son I used to think I was, before I married. Now I think I am very unlucky indeed. (Kennedy 595) When Paul makes an attempt to get her to see that despite her bitterness towards her life, his outlook on luck is distinct from hers. Despite her resentment, he states at one point to her Im a lucky person. The mothers great denial of any opportunity of happiness though transforms the Pauls plan. In addition, the action alone unmistakably manifests the sons desire to please his egocentric mother. The son seems determined to give his mother some good luck. It was not until she was married that she claimed her bad luck began. This is apparent when her son asks her if she received anything pleasant for her birthday, which to she responds coldly Quite moderately nice. Paul was never fully satisfied with his earnings for the reason that he felt it wasnt sufficient for his mother. Every time the house chanted, There must be more money! There must be more money! there was a consistent drain of Pauls strength and determination for life, leading him to a painful stage. His life is taken because of his obsession to be lucky. To be lucky, in the words of his mother, was to be wealthy. This misunderstanding drives Paul to go insane where it ultimately results in his young death. The depictions of trauma in the story are illustrated through Paul and his obsession. His mother conditions him in a way that he feels the only way to prove to her his adoration is to be as prosperous as he can be. Yet, being a young child, he forces all of his power into pleasing her desires and ends up taking his own life. At the end of the story, Paul lies dead due to a sickness apparently brought on by exhaustion. He has ridden his rocking-horse for the last time, and received a considerable amount of money for his mother, thus proving to her that he is, in fact, lucky. Paul was an inquisitive little boy. He was concerned as to why his mother was so miserable. His mother told him that they were the poor ones in the family because they were unlucky. Paul, in an attempt to please his mother told her that he was lucky. His mother belittled this idea causing Paul to feel rejected. Paul went in search of luck to gain his mothers approval. As with most children Paul had a longing to be loved and accepted by his mother and felt that he could accomplish this by providing her with the material things she longed for. This was shown by the development of his character from curious to pleasing to obsessed. His successful efforts in providing his mother with monetary wealth proved to be pointless in obtaining the love that he desired from her. Pauls mother in The Rocking Horse Winner is a cold, unloving parent who is extravagant and materialistic. The mother has a cold heart and an inability to love when it comes to her children. The cold and unloving quality of the mother is demonstrated clearly by Lawrence. She married for love, and the love turned to dust. She had bonny children, yet she felt they had been thrust upon her, and she could not love them (Kennedy 594). The quote creates an image of how cold the mother is towards her children. Hester stopped respecting and loving her husband, once he was unable to provide her with all her extravagant taste. Hester blames their financial failure to her unlucky husband. The situation made her grow bitter. Hesters priorities; obviously not the children but her greed, has made her unable to display any affection toward the children. This story critically judges those who associate love with money and luck with happiness. The mother with her insatiable desire for material possessions believes that money will make her happy despite the obvious fact that so far it has not. Paul, who learns from his mother to associate money with love, represents the desperate search for values in a cash culture. Mothers mold their sons into men who are the opposites of their undesirable husbands. Since mothers cannot change their husbands they create desirable sons. Making her feelings known the mother coldly characterizes her husband as very unlucky. By telling Paul this she sets in motion the boys useless mission to please her to be the man his father could not.